HPV and Cervical Cancer: How to Protect Yourself

What Is HPV?

The human papillomavirus (HPV) is the virus responsible for genital warts. There are over one-hundred different strains of HPV. Roughly forty of these can be transmitted sexually. Some strains cause warts, others strains have been linked to an increased risk of cancer. These strains typically produce no notable symptoms, no warts or other discomfort. HPV is very common. Studies estimate that at least three out of every four sexually active individuals in the United States will contract HPV at some point.

How Is HPV Spread?

HPV and Warts are very contagious. HPV is spread through direct physical contact. Sexual intercourse or genital contact can spread HPV from one person to another. In some cases, oral sex can cause HPV infections of the tongue, tonsils, and throat.

How Does HPV Cause Cancer?

Usually, HPV infections clear up on their own within a year or two. In some women, however, the virus can persist for much longer. When this happens, the virus can start causing changes in the cells of the cervix and other genital areas. Sometimes, these changes lead to cancer.

Protecting Yourself from HPV and Cervical Cancer

The only sure way to protect yourself from HPV and the risk of cervical cancer is by practicing complete sexual abstinence. If such extremes don't appeal to you, limiting your number of sexual partners and staying away from sexual encounters with people who have had many sexual partners can reduce your risk. Condoms may provide partial protection, but since they don't cover the entire are that can be affected, their usefulness in preventing the spread of HPV and warts is questionable. A new vaccine for HPV offers protection from the two strains that cause seventy percent of cervical cancer cases, as well as the two strains responsible for ninety percent of genital wart outbreaks. It is recommended for young girls who have not yet become sexually active, since the vaccine does not protect against strains that an individual has already been exposed to. Many women can benefit from taking the vaccine, even if they have been sexually active, since it is unlikely that they have been exposed to all four strains. However, some strains of HPV not included in the vaccine can also cause cancer, so it is important to get regular pap smears. Pap smear detect changes in the cells of the cervix and can catch precancerous cells before they become cancerous. Finally, there is some evidence that most women with the kind of persistent HPV infections that can lead to cancer have an at least partially reduced immune system response. If you have been exposed to HPV or suspect you may have been exposed, try to promote good immune function. Don't smoke. Smoking is associated with diminished immune function and an elevated risk of developing cervical cancer. Eat a healthy, well-balanced diet with plenty of fruits, vegetables, and whole grains. Get plenty of sleep and exercise regularly. Living healthy and keeping your immune system in prime condition will help you fight off infections, including HPV, and live a longer, more fulfilling life.

Sources:

http://www.cancer.org/docroot/CRI/content/CRI_2_6x_FAQ_HPV_Vaccines.asp

http://www.plannedparenthood.org/sexual-health/std/hpv.htm

http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/hpv-infection