Erectile Dysfunction (Impotence) and Diabetes

Erectile dysfunction (impotence) is a common secondary condition caused by diabetes. However, to understand the connections between erectile dysfunction and diabetes it is first necessary to understand the anatomical and physiological aspects of how an erection is achieved.

The Erection: Anatomy and Physiology

The erection is mainly caused by two chambers of spongy tissue within the shaft of the penis known as corpora cavernosa. Just inferior to these two chambers, is another spongy tissue chamber of corpus spongiosum. The corpus spongiosum is responsible for the protection of the urethra. The corpora cavernosa are comprised of a vast array of empty spaces, veins, arteries, and smooth muscle fiber. Upon stimulation, the brain sends nerve signals to the penis causing the arteries to dilate and the smooth muscle of the corpora cavernosa to relax. The relaxation of this smooth muscle is cause for blood to fill the empty spaces. In addition, the veins that are normally responsible for draining blood from the penis are incapable due to the pressure created. Blood flows into the penis causing an expansion and stiffening creating an erection. Once the stimulation and excitement has ended, the pressure decreases, allowing blood to flow back out of the penis, returning to the flaccid state.

Diabetes and Erectile Dysfunction: The Connections

Diabetes is a condition caused by the inability of the body to naturally and correctly control blood glucose (sugar) levels. The presence of high blood sugar levels is cause for damage to blood vessels and nerves. This damage is known to effectively block the natural release of nitric oxide. Nitric oxide is a chemical messenger responsible for the relaxation of smooth muscles within the penis. Nitric oxide is also known to dilate blood vessels. If these smooth muscles do not relax and the blood vessels do not dilate, blood can not effectively enter and remain in the penis, causing problems with achieving or maintaining an erection.

Diabetes and Erectile Dysfunction: How Common?

It is estimated that up to seventy five percent of all men with diabetes will develop some degree of erectile dysfunction as a secondary condition to diabetes. It is also common for men with diabetes to develop erectile dysfunction up to 15 years earlier than healthy men. The development of erectile dysfunction as a diabetic also increases with other additional risk factors, including high cholesterol, high blood pressure, and smoking.

Erectile Dysfunction: Coping

Erectile dysfunction is not only cause for physical problems, but is also cause for emotional problems. Erectile dysfunction can lead to emotions including frustration, anger, lack of confidence, and sadness. However, it is important to remember that treatments are available for erectile dysfunction. Having diabetes does not mean that you will develop the condition of erectile dysfunction. However, erectile dysfunction is a commonly reported secondary condition due to diabetes. If you are having trouble with the production or maintenance of an erection, consult your physician. Take the time to educate yourself on the available treatment options and ask questions. Sources: http://www.mayoclinic.com/health/erectile-dysfunction/DS00162 http://www.webmd.com/erectile-dysfunction/guide/ed-diabetes http://www.webmd.com/sexual-conditions/guide/diabetes-impotence